Abstract

Throughout the history of these masks, the Africans have used the African masks as a way to connect to the spiritual world. When created, the masks are used to represent spirits of their ancestors or even animals. They are presented through ritual ceremonies, such as dances, prayers, agricultural festivals, rituals for increase (an increase of food, clothing, etc.), rituals of rites of passage, ancestor cults, initiations including secret societies, related ceremonies, and fertility rites, which is a strong traditional value to the Africans. During the ceremony, according to rebirth.co.za, "the wearers, which in most cases are the dancers, go into a stage where it is possible to communicate with their ancestors". As a result from going through this process, the wearer has now obtained the power of this spirit. Besides the spirits of their ancestors, the masks are said to, also, possess the spirits representing humans or animals, good or evil, and "other beings believed to have power over humanity.
Another belief is that "the items used to form the masks must have a certain meaning to the creator, whether it is of culture or their own belief", which is a statement from the author of anymask.com. This, eventually, leads to the masks having different meanings and different reasons for being created. One important tool used to make the masks is trees. It is believed that trees are living objects with souls, which provide a life source to the masks carved from them. With the tree being cut and used to make the mask, a spirit is, then, bestowed in the mask. Although different materials are used by different sculptors, the most well known items are: leather, metal, fabric, and various types of wood. Yet, regardless of the items used, "the spirit will find its way into the materials and dwell in it, which would result in the mask having the power if the spirit" (another belief belonging to the author of anymask.com).
The history of African masks is of great significance and is one that has shaped the African heritage. The masks are made by traditional and cultural beliefs are used in performances to help educate and inspire those with, or without, knowledge of the history of their being. The masks of African traditional aspects are can be seen in many places such as, museums and libraries, and are purchased by different people, yet the value of these historic treasures remains priceless.